Health care market Free Essays

Social insurance is a complex of various types of administrations, supplies and cares which can be identified with wellbeing of an individual. It likewise incorporates helpful, indicative, preventive, support (palliative consideration), just as directing. It likewise incorporates administering of recommended meds and their deal. We will compose a custom exposition test on Medicinal services showcase or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now (Glossary of Common Terms p.1) Traditional idea of market, which guesses nearness of the client and the dealer, who have unequivocal qualities and are prepared to go into commonly useful trade, permits to analyze circle of human services as social insurance market of clinical administrations (The medicinal services commercial center p.1), which can be isolated into three sub-markets, which are commonly associated. â€Å"Throughout the wellbeing part †from administration conveyance, counseling, financing and pharmaceuticals to biotech and hereditary qualities †the matter of social insurance has become progressively complex† (Health division the executives p.1) [Table 1] 1. The legislative human services advertise. Legislative segment isn't huge. Clinical assistance here is analyzed as social great, from utilizing of which have focal points all residents. Conservative relations among government and clinical establishments are described as relations for the outsider: clinical organization is a producer of clinical administrations, and the legislature is the purchaser, while populace of nation utilizes those administrations (on the off chance that the residents are safeguarded, they can utilize clinical assistance). Comparable to this reality, the administration can't totally gauge quality and amount of administrations, which are required by the purchaser. Populace, as genuine customer, can't impact the degree of installment for administrations and clinical foundations, since interest for administrations from his side isn't dissolvable. The administration likewise â€Å"pays for about a large portion of the medicinal services bought in this nation, through the national medical coverage for poor people and older known as Medicaid and Medicare.† (Sheldon Richman, p.1) 2. Protection advertise Dealers of clinical administrations in the protection showcase are clinical foundations, and the purchasers are residents which have formal protection. In any case, accepting administrations doesn’t joined by trade of esteems between clinical foundations and residents who have protection, †getting of clinical assistance is ensured in correspondence with agreement of protection, closed among safety net provider and shopper. Considering these conditions, collector of clinical assistance is an individual, who has protection, yet he isn’t a payer for the dealer for clinical foundation, and he doesn’t have advertise esteem, since he doesn’t pay for administration himself. The immediate payer †the safety net provider †isn't a member of market relations, since he doesn’t partake in procedures of trade at the human services showcase. Other than division of ware and cash streams, medical coverage showcase really has no rivals in costs, on the grounds that really the procedure of installment and states of administrations gave is executed inside the constraints of regional program by solidly settled rates. Another point that there is no contenders is that the patient from the first run through of entering clinical foundation picks this clinical organization and is constrained in accepting clinical administrations inside the constraints of that unmistakable program of that distinct clinical organization, since he has a rundown of clinical foundations, which offer support in like manner to his protection. We can't not to see one significant favorable position: human services protection showcase contrasts from that of wellbeing market, which requests installment for clinical administrations, in light of the fact that the individual, who has protection of such clear clinical foundation doesn’t need any extra cash to pay for clinical help, in the event that the malady or mishap is demonstrated in his protection. Another point is that later on, in the event that the patient is completely happy with administration given, he can turn into a steady patient, which utilizes extra administrations of that clear clinical establishment, which are excluded from his protection. In such a manner human services protection advertise makes a great job for clinical establishments, in light of the fact that as per measurements, costs for drawing in of new purchaser are multiple times a greater amount of those, which you spent for safeguarding the customer you as of now have and who is as of now utilizing your clinical help. Among the biggest health care coverage programs in USA is Medicare programâ (Medicare Program, p.1) 3. The human services market of payable administrations. The patients here are the purchasers and they are prepared and can pay for clinical top notch administration, and specialists or clinical organizations are the merchants, and their inclinations are associated with repayment of costs and getting benefit. On account of steady increment of rivalry at this market, they make conditions for consistent improving of administration quality, search of new items and innovations just as severe single-out of ineffectual methodologies and members of the market. Level of recommendation relies upon capacity of clinical organization to respond deftly on the continually expanding request: so as to increment or to diminish amount of vital administrations. Tragically, such adaptability isn't generally conceivable, on the grounds that these days this specialty of social insurance advertise involve clinical foundations, which have various types of property, distinctive subjection and channels of financing, so even in economic situations volume of proposed administrations not generally relies upon their genuine maker. In any case, precisely on producer depends decision of that mix of coordinated boundaries, which are called complex of advertising (administration or complex of administrations, cost, offering an assistance to the buyer, method of suggestion and advancement of administration, work force of clinical foundation, and so on), controlling with which association attempts to fulfill requests of patients in the most ideal manner and to transform salary into genuine increment of administration quality. The most effective method to refer to Health care showcase, Papers

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs

Tips for Applying to Clinical Psychology PhD Programs Clinical brain research is the most famous and serious territory of study in brain research, and seemingly the most serious of graduate projects in all social and hard sciences. Advising brain research is a nearby second. On the off chance that you would like to concentrate both of these fields you should be on your game. Indeed, even the best candidates dont get into the entirety of their top decisions and some dont get into any. How would you improve your chances of picking up admission to an alumni program in clinical or guiding brain science? Acquire Excellent GRE Scores This one is an easy decision. Your scores on the Graduate Record Exam will represent the moment of truth your doctoral application in serious fields like clinical and directing brain science. High GRE scores are significant on the grounds that numerous clinical and advising doctoral projects get many applications. At the point when an alumni program gets in excess of 500 applications, the entrance advisory board searches for approaches to get rid of candidates. GRE scores are a typical method of narrowing the candidate pool. Astounding GRE scores gain you induction to graduate school, however they may likewise make you finance. For instance, candidates with high GRE quantitative scores may be offered showing assistantships in measurements or an examination assistantship with an employee. Get Research Experience Candidates to graduate school in clinical and advising brain research need inquire about understanding. Numerous understudies accept that applied experience working with individuals will support their application. They search for entry level positions, practica, and volunteer encounters. Lamentably applied experience is valuable just in little portions. Rather doctoral projects, explicitly Ph.D. programs, search for examine understanding and research experience bests all other extracurricular exercises. Research experience is out of class experience directing exploration under the management of an employee. It for the most part starts with chipping away at an educators inquire about. Volunteer to help in any capacity required. This may incorporate directing studies, entering information, and looking into inquire about articles. It regularly likewise incorporates undertakings like replicating and grouping papers. Serious candidates structure and do free examinations under the management of an employee. Preferably, a portion of your exploration will be introduced at undergrad and territorial meetings, and maybe even distributed in an undergrad diary. Comprehend the Value of Research Experience Research experience shows that you can take on a similar mindset as a researcher, issue settle, and see how to ask and answer logical inquiries. Personnel search for understudies who demonstrate a solid match to their examination advantages, can add to their lab, and is able. Research experience recommends a standard expertise level and is a pointer of your capacity to prevail in the program and complete a thesis. A few candidates gain look into understanding by acquiring an experts degree in an examination arranged field, for example, test brain science. This alternative frequently claims to understudies with little planning or poor quality point midpoints as managed involvement in an employee features your capability to turn into a specialist. Know the Field Not all clinical and advising doctoral projects are the equivalent. There are three classes of clinical and guiding doctoral projects: ScientistScientist-practitionerPractitioner-researcher They vary in the relative weight given to preparing in research and practice. Understudies in researcher programs acquire PhDs and are prepared only as researchers; no preparation is offered by and by. Researcher professional projects train understudies in both science and practice. Most understudies procure PhDs and are prepared as researchers just as specialists and figure out how to apply logical methodologies and strategies to rehearse. Expert researcher programs train understudies to be specialists as opposed to analysts. Understudies win a PsyD and get broad preparing in restorative procedures. Match the Program Know the distinction between a Ph.D. what's more, PsyD. Pick the kind of program that youd like to join in, regardless of whether it accentuates research, practice, or both. Get your work done. Realize each graduate projects preparing accentuations. Entrance advisory boards search for candidates whose interests coordinate their preparation accentuations. Apply to a researcher program and clarify that your expert objectives lie in private practice and youll get a dismissal letter in a flash. At last you can't control the entrance advisory boards choice, however you can pick a program that fits you well, and you present yourself in the most ideal light.

Admission Committee Reading Update COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Admission Committee Reading Update COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We have completed our first sweep of all applications printed and about 80% were completed.   Most of these files were completed because 100% of the information needed was submitted on line via the application Web site. We are now left with around 20% of the total submitted for our second sweep and this will involve looking for documents submitted to our office off line. In addition, we are starting to distribute files to Admission Committee readers this week.   As I have mentioned before, not all readers start reading at the same time so if your application is not complete, please do not panic. As we complete our review of incomplete files we will email applicants if we have a question about a missing document.   We will continue to distribute files to Admissions Committee members over the next few weeks and we are right on schedule.

My Virtual Child Program Physical, Social, Emotional,...

My Virtual Child program basically covers physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development at several age levels. Various personalized questions were asked and given scenarios that would shape my child’s physical development, cognitive development, and affect his personality. My Virtual Child has a unique set of characteristics at birth, some of which were influenced by how I answered and completed the assessment when I first logged into My Virtual Child. These characteristics gradually emerged and affected his behavior and development. When it was time, our precious baby boy was born and we decided to name him Noah. Noah as a newborn was fussy and often wanted to be held. Breastfeeding time seemed to be the perfect soothing method. I enjoyed breastfeeding because it builds up his immune system. At this point Noah recognized me as his primary care giver because I was the one always attending to his needs. According to Bowlby’s theory of attachment â€Å"The infa nt knows that the caregiver is dependable, which creates a secure base for the child to then explore the world†. As a result, Noah was more attached to me than he was to my husband. As time transcurred, he was able to bond to my husband by spending more quality time together. At 8 months, the physician performed a routine physical exam. He stated that Noah was advanced in his gross and fine motor skills. Noah enjoyed crawling, pulling him self up to stand and manipulating objects. According toShow MoreRelatedMy Memories Of Childhood Through The Present Day Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing a virtual parent, discuss 3 aspects of your development: social/emotional, cognitive, physical or your personality/temperament.† A) Social/Emotional: As I child I wasn’t the child that cries a lot or was whining. According to my mom I was always quite, and I didn’t have much interest in to cartoons. My mother also mentioned that I was very social I had no problem sharing toys with other kids, no problem with playing with other kids, and I always had a smile on my face. As I grew up into my toddlerRead MoreThe Clips in Relation to Constructivist and Socio-Cultural Approaches1001 Words   |  5 PagesConsider the clips in relation to constructivist and socio-cultural approaches to learning. How do they reflect an image of the child as strong and capable and the value of knowledge acquired within homes and families? The first clear example was Morgan (McWilliams, 2011), she displayed a perfect example of the Zone of proximal development, as she learned a new skill through social guidance and interaction with her mum, then she felt the sense of achievement when she completed the task independently. ThisRead MoreVirtual Child Essay5483 Words   |  22 Pagesand answer questions about a virtual child. When I was told this was an assignment I thought â€Å"this should be easy†. Boy was I wrong! I found many things can affect the outcome of my child. If I am too strict or too easy, the child’s behavior will show this. Over time, this will also affect the child’s temperament. I have learned that some of my classmates’ virtual children are harder to get along with and require more discipline then others. I decided to just trust my instinct and answer the questionsRead MoreMajor Issues Of Special Education1683 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents overcome obstacles and is there enough resources available for students in special education to succeed? What have we accomplished in 40 years, since special education first came about? Many factors come into play to determine whether or not a child in special education can succeed in the classroom. Some of these factors include: school climate, teacher quality, family and community engagement, effective leadership, and efficient use of learning time. But what issues seem to be affecting childrenRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer2639 Words   |  11 PagesIn the novel A Child Called It, the author Dave Pelzer discussed his courage to survive while growing up in his household. The family was living the perfect traditional western family life. During the early years, the family does things together and the mother was always happy to prepare special meals, outings, and surprises for her family. When the father was working, the mother would take Dave and his brothers on special outings. The family would go on vacations which were fun and memorable forRead MoreThe Bank Street Curriculum Teaching Method2882 Words   |  12 Pageslandmark progress in the field o f education throughout her life. Born in 1878, Mitchell was one of six children in what she considered to be a very lonely home (as cited in Smith, 2000): â€Å"†¦each of us, I now know, had his particular form of tragedy. My own was extreme loneliness – loneliness within a crowd, which is, perhaps, the most poignant kind† (p. 33). She broke this loneliness by pouring over her father’s extensive home library and recording her thoughts into a journal. At a young age she wasRead More Federal Laws Essay examples2072 Words   |  9 Pageseducation of each qualified handicapped child in its jurisdiction with people who are not handicapped. Those schools that receive federal funding must place the handicapped child in the regular education classroom unless it is demonstrated by the recipient that this type of education with the added use of supplementary aides and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily (Schultz 2001.) Court Cases Court decisions provide guidelines governing placement of the child with special needs under IDEA. Read MoreThe Importance Of Long Standing National Traditions On School Performance And Educational Attainment5716 Words   |  23 Pageseducational research and policy making. Therefore, insufficient attention is paid to the changing contexts in which these outputs are created. In particular the institutional arrangements of educational systems are highly relevant for educational and social stratification processes within societies ( Meyer 1977, Kerckhoff 1995, Van der Werfhost and Mijs 2010). The relevance of long standing national traditions in educational institutions persists even in an era of globalization ( Mayer 2001) At theRead MoreMy : My Virtual Life Assignment10439 Words   |  42 Pages MY VIRTUAL LIFE ASSIGNMENT Emily Jensen Community College of Aurora My Virtual Life Assignment For this assignment, I have organized my responses into a report based on the following periods of development: infancy and toddlerhood (birth to 30 months), early childhood (3 to 5 years), middle childhood (6-11 years), and adolescence (12-18 years). The last section of my paper includes my responses to the personal reflection questions. Infancy and Toddlerhood 8 Months 1. How doesRead MoreEssay about The Rise of Autism1932 Words   |  8 PagesAutism has become one of the top disabilities in California’s developmental system. Today, the rise of autism is increasing by 10 - 17 percent each year. (Madeleine 3) The disease was first identified by child psychologist Leo Kanner in 1943 at Johns Hopkins University (Little 2). Autism is a disorder that is usually detected within the first three years. According to the Autism Society of America, 1 in 166 individuals are diagnosed with autism, making it more common than the pediatric cancer

What Is Money Laundering - 1551 Words

What is Money Laundering? Money laundering is a method by which the background and ownership of money is generated as a result of illegal activity, can be concealed. In effect the money is â€Å"cleaned, laundered or disguised through honest means and as an outcome the earnings lose their existing criminal identity and look as if it was generated from a legitimate source. This practice is usually completed a number of times. It is common for this procedure to occur in respect of the earnings from drugs, human trafficking, prostitution, corruption, bootlegging, racketeering and illegal arms smuggling. The process allows the money to be controlled, without the fear that the transactions will lead back to the initiator or originators of the†¦show more content†¦Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano was born Salvatore Lucania on November 24, 1897 in Lercara Friddi, Sicily to Antonio and Rosalia Lucania along with four other siblings. Luciano s father worked in a sulfur mine in Si cily. When Luciano was 10 years old the family immigrated to the United States. They settled in New York City in the area of Manhattan on its Lower East Side, a common destination for Italian immigrants. At age 14, Luciano withdrew from school and began a job distributing hats with a weekly earnings of $7.00. However, after engaging in a dice game and winning $244.00, Luciano abandoned his job and went to making money out on the street. Within that year his parents would eventually send him to the Brooklyn Truant School. While a teenager, Luciano started his own gang and unlike other street gangs whose daily activities were petty crime, Luciano offered security to Jewish youngsters from Italian and Irish gangs for the cost of ten cents weekly. It was throughout this phase Luciano encountered the Jewish Meyer Lansky which would become his imminent business partner and close friend. It is not clear how Luciano had gotten the nickname Lucky, but it may have come from him enduring a severe whipping and throat slashing incident by three men in the 1920s. Later it was believed to be because Luciano refused to work for another mob boss. From 1916 to 1936, Luciano was detained 25 times on charges stretching from assault to unlawful gambling to corruption as well as

High Tech Offenders Free Essays

Cyber crimes Thesis: Cybercrime, hacking, blackmailing, fraud, piracy, cyber bullying, this are some types of crimes th at come to mind when we hear technology and crime. Every day we use technology as a part of our daily living. We are surrounded by technology we depend on technology. We will write a custom essay sample on High Tech Offenders or any similar topic only for you Order Now But this has also o pen new door for criminal to conduct their crimes. This also makes us vulnerable to those who have mater it. Microsoft piracy case 25 men were arrested and 11 where proven guilty in the national copy right Microsoft counter eiting ring. The fraudulent Microsoft cds and DVDs where sold online and where shipped from c hina to anywhere in the united stated and to Europe. The imitation Microsoft software was valu ed at 500 million dollars. Differential association theory states that criminal actions are a result of the friendships of or companionship with others. Differential association theory explained th at a person could not commit a crime without first being trained. Without prior influence, is inc apable of inventing criminal behavior. ) techniques of committing the crime, which are someti mes very complicated, sometimes very simple; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, ratio nalizations, and attitudes Individuals become criminal due to repeated contacts with criminal activity and a lack of contact with noncriminal activity. I believe that this counterfeiting ring was built on friendships. The 25 men must have been friends of acquaintances at some point I do not believe they would hire people who did not know about their illegal actions. Social bond theory Roman meydbray 27 from San Jose. A former information technology manager of creative explosions pleads guilty to getting unauthorized access to a computer of his former employer. According to the court after two weeks of his termination he got access to the computer system and deleted an email server domain and accesses the email account of the president of creative explosion. He changed the mail server to reject every Incoming email causing them many losses. Social bonding theory states. The elements of social bonding include the families, commitment to social norms and institute like schools and employment and the beliefs that these are important. Social bond theory also states that is a bond is weakened or broken then unusual behavior from that Individual may occur. I believe that Roman Meybray felt betray wen creative explosion the company that he work for decided to let him go. This incident made Roman Meybrey who was a manager for creative explosions get back at them for been firing him. The bond that he had in the company was broken causing him to obtaining the unauthorized access to the employer’s computer. Learning theory Cyber bullying is when someone is harassed through the internet. Usually the victims or cyber bullying are youth. Usually to humiliate harm an individual because of information one might have through internet websites, text, chat rooms or other social networking sites. A study in Britain found that at least half of suicides among young people are related to bullying Bully-related suicide can be connected to any type of bullying, including physical bullying, emotional bullying, cyber bullying, and sexting, or circulating suggestive or nude photos or messages about a person bullying can be racist, sexist, anti-religious. Anonymous postings, comments or pictures on social networking sites. Cyber bullying are actions of someone who is a coward since they can remain anonymous behind a screen name or fake profile. Amanda Todd was a young 7ht grade girl who made a huge mistake of flashing a man over the internet. Later the man stalked her and posted her pictures over the internet. After her class mates and other students at school also bullied her online and on social networking sites. After moving and switching schools several times she was still the victim of cyber bullying, until one day she committed suicide. Bullying is a behavior that is easily learned through observing. Students justify bullying behaviors by blaming the targets of their attacks. The bully somehow makes it seem as if the victim somehow deserve the bullying. This makes the bully seem powerful and knowledgeable. Since the bully is not punished others who are observing learn that this behavior is acceptable. People learn by observing others and want nothing more but to fit in. People are influenced by other values attitudes characteristics and behaviors especially kids and young adults. Kids that are getting bullied usually don’t say anything because they fear the parents will take away their laptops of cell phone. Since cyber bullies can remain anonymous they do not fear any reprucations so they continue to bully their victim. Conclusion. It comes to show that cybercrime are committed every day. From people getting hacked and getting all there info stolen. To people pirating movie cds DVD and selling g them for much lower price. Hurting bigger companies. Also having cyber bullies hurting people’s feelings and put them out on the public to suffer humiliation. This makes the victim to find other mean of putting a stop to it. And possibly committing suicide. This people don’t think of other am d the pain and damage they cause . How to cite High Tech Offenders, Essay examples

The Worrying Population Statistics

Table of Contents Summary Analysis Interpretation Opinion/insight References Summary Roberts (2011) article highlights on the increased world population, which currently stands at about seven billion people. To estimate the world’s population, UN and USCB use statistics and censuses from over 228 political entities and countries. The censuses and statistics not only help to project deaths inclusive of those caused by epidemics but also to project births inclusive of those conceived by the refugees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Worrying Population Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Approximately, 367,000 people are born each day while 153,000 people die each day hence resulting into an increase of 78.5 million people annually. As revealed, the increased population results from the gradual decline of deaths and gradual increase of births in a rapid manner. As a result, more people are bor n whilst fewer people succumb to death thus leading to population increment â€Å"attainment of billion-person milestones every 12 or 13 years† (Roberts, 2011, para. 11). Analysis However, one cannot help but note the statistical discrepancies that exist between the United Nations and USCB. USCB notes that the population will not reach 7 billion until four months are over. This implies that the United Nations ‘miss’ the population estimation â€Å"of 28 million, which is more that all people in Saudi Arabia† (Roberts, 2011, para. 2). The justification behind the outcome is the â€Å"margin of error of at least 1 percent† (Roberts, 2011, para. 4) which is said to give room for errors. Considering that UN and USCB collected information from similar sources, the estimation should be approximately the same and therefore, the error margin is not justifiable. A close look reveals that the disparity results from interpretation of figures. USCB use ‘s illy’ or impractical population interpreters ‘population clock’ that projects the number of persons who die or are given birth to every minute. As indicated, UN â€Å"don’t use a population clock† (Roberts, 2011, para. 6). Unfortunately, USCB dismisses these claims when they state that their estimates are precise ‘remarkably close’ (Roberts, 2011, para. 10). This shows that they are not willing to solve the population’s statistical differences between them and UN. Interpretation The more people the world has, the more resources are used. Therefore, if there is an increased population that the world can barely support, people will competed for the available resources including land, water and the available economic opportunities. This implies that there are people who will be destitute.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, increased competition for the available resources implies that people will have to fight for the resources thus resulting to conflicts, which can lead to wars. This explains why there is a need to have proper population estimates. They form the basis of addressing the needs and problems that the world’s population is facing such as mitigating overpopulation. Opinion/insight Changes in population could affect all people including me. If the world becomes overpopulated, I would likely succumb to poverty or live in a war-stricken society. For this reason, I think that the USCB and the UN should collaboratively evaluate the population estimates. This will help them come up with the most appropriate method that they can use to interpret the statistics and the censuses collected. In addition, this will help them come up with a more precise estimate for the world’s population and project how the population growth will be in future. This way, all members of the soci ety including the government and the international bodies can come up with precise solutions that could help mitigate overpopulation. References Roberts, S. (2011). U.N. says 7 billion now share the world. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/united-nations-reports-7-billion-humans-but-others-dont-count-on-it.html This essay on The Worrying Population Statistics was written and submitted by user Myles Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Asylum Seekers essays

Asylum Seekers essays more embarrassment for Govt over Manoora asylum seekers the asylum seeker stand-off in Nauru is back to square one, despite what appeared to be a deal between Australian and Nauruan authorities. Earlier tonight, officials from both countries boarded the HMAS Manoora but a little over an hour ago, they returned to shore empty-handed. The lack of progress this evening is an embarrassing set-back for the Australian Government, which had earlier said it wanted to bring a number of asylum seekers ashore tonight. TONY JONES: Ben Wilson joins me on the line now from Nauru. Ben, I believe you've been hearing from the spokesperson for the Nauruan Government. What has he said? BEN WILSON: The take from what happened tonight, off the coast, on board HMAS Manoora, is that the group of asylum seekers they planned to bring ashore tonight weren't ready to leave the ship and, as a result, the Nauruan delegation which went out to the ship with the brief of ensuring that anyone leaving the ship was doing so voluntarily and the Australian officials came back empty-handed. They were preparing a landing craft which has been bringing asylum seekers to shore over the past week or so - it was backed up to the loading dock on the Manoora. There were minibuses on the dock ready to receive them. There was the obligatory crowd of curious Nauruans looking on. As the hours ticked by, it became clear that no-one was coming off. It indicates that there are problems convincing this group to come ashore. TONY JONES: Just to recap on what this deal means - the Nauruan officials I believe will ask each and every person whether they agree to come off. The agreement was forged this afternoon in discussions with Australian officials, after the scenes of yesterday where there were scuffles, pushing, shoving and yelling as 12 asylum seekers were brought ashore. The Nauruan Government quickly brought the whole transfer operation to a halt. It had said ...

Fecha de prioridad para obtener la green card

Fecha de prioridad para obtener la green card Tu fecha de prioridad es el dà ­a en el USCIS recibià ³ tu peticià ³n para una tarjeta de residencia. Es un dato importantà ­simo para saber cundo tendrs disponible una visa de inmigrante para ti. Si eres esposo/a, hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, padre o madre de un ciudadano americano tu fecha de prioridad aparece en el documento en el que el USCIS confirma que ha recibido la aplicacià ³n. Pero realmente no es importante a estos efectos. Para ti no hay là ­mite anual en el nà ºmero de visas que se pueden conceder. Por lo tanto,  para ti no aplica el resto del artà ­culo. Por el contrario, si eres: cà ³nyuge de un residente permanente legalhijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os de un residente permanentehermano de un ciudadanohijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os de un ciudadanohijo casado de cualquier edad de un ciudadano entonces sà ­ que la fecha de prioridad es muy importante para tu caso. Sigue leyendo. Los cupos anuales para tarjetas de residencia por razà ³n de familia Si ests en uno de los casos anteriores, para cada aà ±o fiscal hay un là ­mite en el nà ºmero de tarjetas de residencia que se pueden aprobar para cada categorà ­a de peticià ³n por razà ³n de familia. Pero como el nà ºmero de solicitudes que se presentan anualmente es superior al nà ºmero de tarjetas de residencia disponibles esto hace que se produzca aà ±o tras aà ±o una acumulacià ³n de casos. Y se resuelven por estricto orden de presentacià ³n de la solicitud para cada categorà ­a. Y aquà ­ es donde entra en juego la fecha de prioridad. Cà ³mo se sabe si tienes que seguir esperando o si ya hay una visa disponible para ti Tienes que saber tres cosas: tu fecha de prioridad. Puedes verla en el NOA2tu paà ­s de nacimiento. Y si es Mà ©xico, China, India o Filipinas ver si te puede aplicar un cambio de paà ­s (alternative chargeability)tu categorà ­a Las categorà ­as son estas: cuando el que pide a un familiar es un ciudadano americano: Categorà ­a F1, cuando el beneficiario es un hijo del ciudadano y reà ºne estos dos requisitos: es mayor de 21 aà ±os y est soltero o es viudo o divorciado.Categorà ­a F3, cuando el aplicante es un hijo de un estadounidense y est casado. No importa la edad.Categorà ­a F4, cuando la tarjeta de residencia se solicita para un hermano de un ciudadano. Estos son 10 pasos para este tipo de solicitud, que da una idea clara de quà © se hace en cada momento y de dà ³nde se producen las demoras. Cuando el que pide la tarjeta de residencia para un familiar es un residente permanente legal: Categorà ­a F2A, cuando el beneficiario es el marido o la mujer de un residente o un hijo menor de 21 aà ±os que est soltero.Categorà ­a F2B, cuando se solicita para un hijo soltero del residente permanente que tiene ms de 21 aà ±os. En este caso debe estar soltero, viudo o divorciado. En otras palabras, los residentes permanentes no pueden solicitar una tarjeta de residencia para los hijos casados. Una vez que sabes esos tres datos debes hacer los siguiente: Cada mes, a partir del dà ­a 8 aproximadamente, el Departamento de Estado publica en el Boletà ­n de Visas las fechas de corte (cut-off) para cada categorà ­a de visas de inmigrante para el mes siguiente.   Entonces, lo que tienes que hacer es buscar tu categorà ­a (f1, f2a, f2b, f3 o f4) y mirar la columna de Mà ©xico, si has nacido allà ­, o la del resto del mundo, si has nacido en otro paà ­s de Latinoamà ©rica o en Espaà ±a (o en otro paà ­s que no sea China, India o Filipinas). Y vers una fecha (escrita a la americana, primero el mes, luego el dà ­a y luego el aà ±o). Eso quiere decir que las peticiones en esa categorà ­a con fecha de prioridad anterior a ese dà ­a tienen ya visa de inmigrante disponible. En otras palabras, toda la tramitacià ³n se acerca a su fin, aunque todavà ­a no se ha completado. Si ests fuera de Estados Unidos, quiere decir que el consulado tiene a su disposicià ³n un nà ºmero para la visa de inmigrante. Y si ests ya en el paà ­s, que el CIS tiene un nà ºmero para proceder a tramitar el ajuste de estatus. Pero si tu fecha de prioridad es posterior al dà ­a de corte que aparece en el boletà ­n de visas, eso quiere decir que tendrs que seguir esperando. Retrocesià ³n Si todos los meses consultas el boletà ­n de visas es posible que un dà ­a te lleves un buen susto al ver que las fechas de corte en vez de ir adelantando, den un salto hacia atrs . Esto es lo que se conoce como retrocesià ³n, cuando por la razà ³n que sea no hay visas de inmigrante disponibles para una categorà ­a en concreto o incluso para un paà ­s dentro de una categorà ­a. Suele darse cuando el aà ±o fiscal se acerca a su fin. A tener en cuenta La fecha de corte que aparece en el boletà ­n de visas quiere decir cunto han estado esperando las personas que han hecho su peticià ³n en determinada categorà ­a. Pero si ahora presentas tà º una peticià ³n, no quiere decir que ese vaya a ser tu tiempo de espera. Puede ser mayor o menor. Pero en todo caso te da una idea de lo lento que funciona el sistema. Y aquà ­ se puede ver cunto se demora todo tipo de trmite migratorio, desde lo que tardan las residencias a presentarse en Corte, solicitud de visas u otro tipo de peticiones. Para evitar repeticiones a la hora de escribir el artà ­culo, se utilizan las palabras ciudadano, hijos, trabajadores, etc en sentido genà ©rico, incluyendo tanto al hombre como a la mujer. Es decir, cuando se habla de un hijo de un ciudadano hay que entender que tambià ©n se contempla el caso de la hija de un ciudadano o los hijos de una ciudadana. Y asà ­ en todos los supuestos. Consejo y dà ³nde encontrar informacià ³n Toma una test para verificar que tienes los conocimientos bsicos  sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Es difà ­cil conseguirla. No corras el riesgo de que te la cancelen por ignorancia. Finalmente, es importante saber dà ³nde encontrar informacià ³n sobre el caso, saber dà ³nde reportar fraudes o dà ³nde solicitar ayuda.

WorldCom Assignment to be Reviewd Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

WorldCom to be Reviewd - Assignment Example The causes and results of the fines that were imposed by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), a staggering $750,000,000. In addition to that, understand how could the company announce accounting irregularities amounting to $11,000,000,000 and also their relevant financial reporting that caused such irregularities. To completely paint the picture of the bankruptcy, there is a need to cover practical and academic aspects of organizational structure, the staff (individuals, teams and groups), and the culture that predominated WorldCom and made it possible for the business entity to commit such fraud and deceit. In addition to that above, I want to share some light into the leadership of WorldCom and its role in the eventual demise of it. Was it all a matter of leadership, good or bad, or perhaps that are some underlying reasons that caused the bankruptcy. There are a number of factors that need to be studied in relation to WorldCom. For instance, what is the role of the external auditors of WorldCom in the bankruptcy and fraud. Were they a part of it or they simply ignored wrongdoings and kept things running as they were without intervention. The above discussion has been done based on the secondary data available. However, effort has been put to discuss the same in light of the related theories in academia. Adding to the above discussion, a detailed analysis would be carried out to show the effect of the crisis on its various stakeholders. In Human Resource Management, human beings are assumed as the most significant asset within an organization. The discussion has been provided to provide an insight as how this crisis affected its most significant assets. At the end a conclusion has been inferred from the entire analysis and discussion. The object of this research paper is to come to understand how this business and accounting fraud took place and how the government and other concerned parties missed on this for

Why did the United States invade Iraq Term Paper

Why did the United States invade Iraq - Term Paper Example Therefore if a state functions within its own territories in a way that causes massive violations of these essential principles like manufacturing weapons of mass destructions or carrying out activities like genocide, then it is indeed a potential threat to the world community. The maxim â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† is very relevant here. The world has become a small global village wherein we are so interconnected that the act of one will affect another directly or indirectly. Actions of each and every state are now a matter of concern and should be closely scrutinized to prevent an era of disharmony leading to a situation like that of world wars. In the decades following the horrors of World War II and the genocide of European Jews, the world community was shocked and UN spurred by these terrible crimes demonstrated the renewed political will of bringing together the nations to combat any such threat to world peace and welfare in future. It has now become a general principle accepted both in  law  and practice that imperialism and foreign invasion were antithetical to the right of self-determination, which was understood to be the basis of the post-World War II worldwide  order. In the light of above mentioned principles of international law and its protected principles, an attempt has been made here to study the reason and legality of US’s attack on Iraq on various ground. ... We are still in a speculation mode regarding why exactly USA invaded Iraq; whether the motive was to actually disarm them of any weapons of mass destruction or was it because Bush administration eyed the oil wells of Iraq. In the era where the international values are â€Å"peace, security and the well being of the world†, it is not at all acceptable that a country wage war on another country for selfish ulterior motives, under the garb of protecting the noble principles of international law. Thus there is no denying the fact that there is an utmost urgency to probe into the reasons of such invasions. The USA’s invasion was criticized as illegal war legalized by misusing the international principles. If this is true then we are facing a very imminent threat posed by the developed countries to developing countries and this war will act as a bad international precedent for the same. Hence the actual reason behind the invasion of Iraq is a million dollar question. HISTORIC AL PERSPECTIVE USA and its allies attacked Iraq under the pretext that Saddam Hussein was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and it was likely that he would pass along those arms to al Qaeda. However the validity of such a ground was later found to be highly diluted. Experts thereafter postulated that we cannot all together rule out the possibility that this war was the outcome of enigmatic psychology of bush, particularly with respect to his relationship with his father along with the irresistible temptation of getting a strong hold over the prized Mesopotamian oil fields. Possibly he sought to "finish the job" that his father had begun in 1991 or may be to avenge Hussein who was alleged to have made attempts to

Evidence For And Against Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Evidence For And Against Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Climate Change is a very controversial global issue which has committed supporters and detractors. Critically evaluate the evidence for and against climate change and provide your own assessment of the current and future risks that the planet faces by 2050. It is expected that you will give a broad view of your subject giving weight to policy, regulatory, economic and risk management impacts as well as health and environmental impacts. Use a case study to illustrate a key component of the climate change agenda. The worlds climate is changing and the consequences are serious, wide ranging and long-term. Despite the overwhelming scientific consensus that this is happening, the issue of climate change has its detractors, whose opposition to the phenomenon range from disagreeing about the extent of the problem, the extent of mans influence, to the accuracy of the modeling techniques. During the essay the evidence from both sides will be evaluated and the current and longer term economic, social, and environmental effects assessed. The definitions of climate change vary greatly, but the two most useful are the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) definition where broadly speaking climate change relates to a change in climate which is attributed, directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity, which is perhaps a more useful definition. Firstly before looking at the evidence for climate change it is useful to understand the global energy flow (radiative budget), which was first suggested by Kiehl and Trenbirth (1997), illustrated in picture 1 below: Picture 1 The incoming solar radiation, often labelled in percentage terms, must match the outgoing short and longwave radiation to achieve radiative equilibrium. Radiative forcing is the measure of the influence that a specific factor has in altering the balance of this incoming and outgoing energy, and is therefore a useful indication of the importance of that factor to change the climate. Positive forcing will generally mean that the surface of the earth is warmed, whilst negative forcing tends to cool the surface. The Kyoto protocol, adopted in December 1997 and entering into force in February 2005, committed all Annex1 countries (39 industrialised countries the EU) to a reduction in four greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide and Sulfur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (often found in refridgerants) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (also in refridgerants but having a wide variety of medical and non-medical uses and according to Askam, Khalil et al. (2003) having a lifetime up to 50,000 years). Carbon dioxide is perhaps the most studied and well known of the anthropogenic GHGs. Since some infra-red radiation leaving the planet is absorbed by CO2, the greater the CO2 the greater the absorbtion and reflection of heat and the warmer the climate. Perhaps the most significant indicator of the increase in the level of CO2 in the last 50 years is shown in graph 1 below. This is the measurement of CO2 concentrations as measured in Hawaii, far from industrial areas so no localised bias is present, though these measurements have been replicated around the world (e.g. Pieter P. Tans and Thomas J. Conway 1968-2002) Monthly Atmospheric CO2 Mixing Ratios from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network, 1968-2002. NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, U.S.A.) Graph 1 Image created by Robert A. Rohde / www.globalwarmingart.com Similar measurements have been found in ice core samples, which enable us to get a much better picture over time. Graph 2 below shows the CO2 variations over time from the past 420,000 years. Graph 2 Image created by Robert A. Rohde / www.globalwarmingart.com This shows the CO2 levels fluctuating in line with the ice-ages, however, the most important section is the insert the marked increase since the industrial revolution from around 1750/1800. A clear indication of humans influence. More evidence is given in the IPCC 4th Annual Report Working Group summary that the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased from 280ppm (pre-industrial level) to 379ppm in 2005. In addition the annual CO2 concentration growth was larger during the last 10 years (1995-2005 : 1.9ppm per year) than it has been since the beginning of continuous direct atmospheric measurements (1960-2005 : 1.4 ppm per year). In a similar fashion the levels of Methane (from a pre-industrial level of 715ppb to 1732ppb in the early 1990s and 1774ppb in 2005) and Nitrous oxide (from pre-industrial levels of roughly 270ppb to 319ppb in 2005) have increased markedly over recent years. Looking at the radiative forcing discussed earlier the There are many different indications of how the climate has altered, and over several different timescales ranging from the most recent 150 years since 1860, since roughly the time of industrial revolution since 1750 and for the past 10-100 thousand years. Each of these will be looked at in turn. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change in its most recent report in 2007 stated: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. This is an advance since the TARs conclusion that most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns The time series shows the combined global land and marine surface temperature record from 1850 to 2009. The year 2009 was the sixth warmest on record, exceeded by 1998, 2005, 2003, 2002, and 2004. This time series is being compiled jointly by the Climatic Research Unit and the UK Met. Office Hadley Centre. The record is being continually up-dated and improved (see Brohan et al., 2006). This paper includes a new and more thorough assessment of errors, recognizing that these differ on annual and decadal timescales. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities are most likely the underlying cause of warming in the 20th century. Brohan, P., J.J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S.F.B. Tett and P.D. Jones, 2006: Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: a new dataset from 1850. J. Geophysical Research 111, D12106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006548 http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/ Detractors In a debate that has become highly polarised the label climate sceptic is readily slapped on anybody who stands on the soapbox and contradicts Al Gore. In reality, the sceptic landscape is more varied, ranging from those scurrilously pursuing scientific truth to others with more obvious economic or political gains to play for. Richard Lindzen, an American atmospheric physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been one of the most vocal in expressing concerns over the validity of computer models used to predict future climate change. He argues that they may be over-predicting future warming due to a failure to properly account for the climate systems water vapour feedback. However he has also been an active contributor to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports. Gavin Schmidt, a climatologist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies commented that Lindzen agrees with about 90 per cent of what other climate scientists are saying, yet the last 10 per cent is sufficiently different to label him a contrarian. Stephen McIntyre, editor of sceptic blog ClimateAudit and former director of several state-owned Canadian mineral exploration companies, is known in the climate science community for his continual demands for raw data. McIntryre was behind an orchestrated campaign that led to 60 Freedom of Information requests being made to CRU scientists at the University of East Anglia in a single weekend in July. However, while potentially vexatious, McIntyre has made genuine scientific contributions, notably spotting a mistake in NASA data that led to the average US temperatures to be reduced about 0.15C for the period 2000-2006. Philip Stott, an emeritus professor of biogeography at the University of London (although not a published climate scientist), has publicly argued that the climate is too complex and chaotic a system to make long-term predictions on. None of these scientists are climate change deniers, but they question the certainty of the scientific consensus. Several Tory MPs have recently contradicted the Green Conservative line of the Cameron era. Peter Lilley, one of only three MPs to vote against the governments Climate Change Bill in October, has accused climatologists of an unconscious conspiracy in which a dogmatic determination to conform to a consensus driven by the incentive of public funding has made them happier to let the data fit the theory rather than the opposite. David Davis has also spoken out on what he describes as a ferocious determination to impose hair-shirt policies on the public. Taxes on holiday flights and noisy wind turbines are too high a price to pay, he suggests. Both MPs claim to be open to the possibility that man has significantly contributing to climate change, but both remain unconvinced by the evidence. Former Tory Chancellor Nigel Lawson, has also publicly stepped up his opposition to environmental policy, founding the think tank, the Global Warming Policy Foundation, complete with a board of fairly distinguished academics to provide scepticism with a respectable face. However, the think tank was this week accused by scientists of appearing to misrepresent scientific data on its website. At the far end of the spectrum, figures such as Sarah Palin appear to be happy to disregard scientific evidence wholesale in favour of economic gain. Despite substantial differences in outlook, bundled together under the sceptic brand, the views of these individuals appear to be increasingly gaining favour with the public in the lead up to Copenhagen. PLAN For climate change Against climate change Case study Assessment of current risks Assessment of future risks to 2050

Friedrich Nietzsche Essay

I chose to write on Freidrich Nietzsche . He was criticized for all of his writing because they were so controversial. He was mostly known for his statement â€Å"the Death of God†. It was said that a lot of his philosophies were misunderstood by most of his readers. He was commonly classified as a German philosopher. He believed in life, creativity, health, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. His key ideas were the death of god, perspectivism, the Ubermensch, the will to power, and the eternal recurrence. His philosophy was highly innovative and revolutionary but was also indebted to the pre-Socratic Greek thinker Heraclitus. Nietzsche frequently criticized Christianity in offensive and the most blasphemous ways possible. His views on morality were what got the most attention by other scholars. In his Daybreak he called himself an â€Å"immoralist† and often criticized the morality of his day. He wanted to create a new more naturalistic source of value in the fundamental impulses of life itself. He claims that Christianity had more of a master-slave morality than anything else. He associated the master-slave morality to that of the Jewish and Christian traditions. He associates good morals with charity, piety, restraint, meekness and submission and evil one’s being cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive. He saw slave morality was mainly born out of the resentment slaves held toward their masters. It worked to give the slaves their own sense of inferiority over the wealthy or better off masters. His beliefs made it seem as if the slaves had chosen to be enslaved because they were believed to have the good morals. Their refusal to stand up for themselves was relabeled as meekness to further prove this point. Nietzsche argued that slave morality is essentially the morality of effectiveness since moral goodness involves anything that is helpful to whom is weak and poor. Nietzsche saw modern day Europe and its Christianity existing only as a hypocritical state due to the tension created by the master-slave morality. He made it clear that although he didn’t believe that morality was bad, it was just portrayed wrongfully. He believed that each individual should be responsible for their own morality and how they wanted to portray it. One of his favorite mottos was taken from Pindar was â€Å"Become what you are. † In Nietzsche’s view recent development in modern science and the increasing of secularization of European society had effectively â€Å"killed† the Christian God who served as a meaning and value in the west for more than a thousand years. He claimed that the death of god would eventually lead to the loss of any if not all universal perspective on things. The death of god would also cause people to hang on to their own multiple, diverse, fluid perspectives. This thought was eventually named perspectivism. But instead it was believed that the death of god would eventually go from perspectivism to nihilism or the belief that nothing had natural importance and that life itself lacked purpose. Nietzsche then said in The Spoke Zarathustra that an Ubermensch would be brought upon the people. He believed that only after a long twilight period with no God and nihilism Zarathustr’s gift of the superman would be given to mankind. Any problem that shall arise could be solved by the superman. An important element form his philosophical attitude was â€Å"will to power† which was a foundation for understanding motivation in human behavior. He held that the will to power was much more important than the force for adaptation or survival. According to him, it was only in limited situations where the drive for conservation was higher than the will to power, primarily when life was reduced to a state of poverty and limitation. He claimed that the natural condition of life was one of abundance. Later in his works he claimed that the will to power applied to all living things not just mankind. He suggested that adaptation and the struggle to survive came secondary in the evolution of animals and was less important than their desire to expand their power. He eventually took it even further claiming that even inorganic nature also followed the same rules. Nietzsche will to power was often compared to Schopenhauer’s will to live theory. Schopenhauer work was written an entire generation before Nietzsche and was believed to be borrowed. Schopenhauer’s belief was that the entire universe and everything in it was driven by a primordial will to live, resulting in all creatures’ desire to avoid death and procreate. Nietzsche however challenged this belief stating that people and animals really just want power and living in itself is only a subsidiary aim necessary to promote one’s own power. He backed up this belief by using competitive fighting as an example. He stated that people as well as animals were willing to risk their lives to gain power or higher ranking within their groups. Nietzsche was compared to other writers before him along with their views and beliefs on motivation of the human behavior, each time Nietzsche argued that in the end the will to power provided the most useful and general explanation. One of Nietzsche’s articles Eternal Return, was also known as the eternal recurrence, and was used as an answer to nihilism. In it he states that the wish for eternal return of all events would mark the ultimate affirmation of life. To comprehend the eternal recurrence in his thought and not to purely come to peace with it but to embrace it required the love of fate. Some people had stated that the Eternal Return was a crucial part of Nietzsche’s work and was central to his entire philosophy but was not widely discussed felt as though a large part of his philosophy was left untouched and unexplored. The basic explanation was that the universe was limited in extent and contained a finite amount of matter; time was viewed as being infinite. The universe however had no starting or ending state and matter comprised its constant changing state. The number of possible changes was infinite so sooner or later the same state would eventually occur. This concept was one of his most difficult to understand, he used it as an existential thought experiment. His most famous quote on eternal recurrence was called â€Å"the heaviest burden† and the best way to comprehend it was to let it be read by the reader. What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: â€Å"This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but ever pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything immeasurably small or great in your life must return to you-all in the same succession and sequence-even this spider and his moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. The eternal hourglass of existence is turned over and over, and you with it, a grain of dust! † Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or how well disposed would you have to become to yourself and to life to crave nothing more fervently that this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal? -Nietzsche

What Is Literature Review - 3725 Words

4. What is literature review? Discuss in not less than 2000 words Introduction: as a general rule, researchers should first investigate previous research to see whether or not others may have already addressed similar research problems and must acquaint themselves with the relevant literature. Literature review is used to help the researcher link concepts from other sources to his or her research, a good literature review require a balance. A literature review often forms part of a larger research project, such as within a thesis (or major research paper), or it may be an independent written work, such as a synthesis paper. While it should the format of a review of literature may vary from discipline to discipline and from assignment to†¦show more content†¦For example, researcher’s research objective, the problem or issue researcher is discussing or his/her argumentative thesis). It is not just a descriptive list of the material available, or a set of summaries. 8. According to university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. 9. Literature review provides arguments, concepts, theories, interpretations and styles of thinking relevant to the research project. The main purpose is to help the researcher develop a good understanding and insight into relevant previous research and the trends that have emerged. (Chartered of Institute Administrators and Management Consultants- Ghana lecture notes) Purpose of Literature Review: 1. Generally, the purpose of a review is to analyze critically a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical article. 2. Literature review helps the investigator to avoid duplication of work that has been done before. 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